上世紀(jì)末，比爾·蓋茨說(shuō)：“在不遠(yuǎn)的未來(lái)，沒(méi)有智能家居系統(tǒng)的住宅，就像今天不能‘在網(wǎng)上沖浪’一樣不符合潮流。”如今在成都，不僅智能家居已在各家廣泛應(yīng)用，就連垃圾回收都有了科技含量。
紅色、綠色、藍(lán)色、灰色；可回收、有害、廚余、其他……面對(duì)五顏六色的垃圾分類箱，人們頓生困惑——手里的垃圾到底該扔向何處？現(xiàn)在很多成都人已不再犯愁，他們只需要在小程序上搜索垃圾名稱，就能查到正確分類，之后在家自主分裝，再將環(huán)保袋投放到無(wú)人站點(diǎn)。只需要稍等一會(huì)兒，就能從微信上獲得垃圾的后續(xù)去向和收益信息。
這一模式出自科技環(huán)保企業(yè)“奧北科技”，而奧北的發(fā)展，離不開(kāi)成都這些年的政策支持。近年來(lái)，成都以“青年創(chuàng)業(yè)就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)釋放和職業(yè)素養(yǎng)提升”為導(dǎo)向，增強(qiáng)青年職業(yè)服務(wù)能級(jí)，助力青年在蓉“樂(lè)業(yè)”。聚焦主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)和青年需求，全面整合孵化載體、資金支持等資源，為青年提供更加便捷的雙創(chuàng)服務(wù)；加強(qiáng)對(duì)科技類小微創(chuàng)新企業(yè)的扶持力度，培育“小而精、小而專”的科技創(chuàng)新企業(yè)。
多年來(lái)，在創(chuàng)始人汪劍超的帶領(lǐng)下，“奧北科技”這一小微創(chuàng)新企業(yè)致力于推廣無(wú)人垃圾分類模式，有著良好的發(fā)展環(huán)境與前景。不算寬敞的辦公區(qū)內(nèi)，除了擺放整齊的獎(jiǎng)牌、獎(jiǎng)杯，最顯眼的就是白底綠字的“招牌”——奧北環(huán)?；厥沾?ldquo;aobag”。為數(shù)不多的員工，承擔(dān)著公司在成都等多個(gè)城市的垃圾分類業(yè)務(wù)。
十幾年前，還未創(chuàng)業(yè)的汪劍超已是人中龍鳳——中科院學(xué)霸、微軟工程師、IT精英……彼時(shí)，移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)行業(yè)快速發(fā)展。2010年，在微軟中國(guó)分部任高級(jí)工程師的汪劍超因表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異，被公派至美國(guó)總部學(xué)習(xí)。一天中午，汪劍超到微軟總部食堂吃午餐，倒剩余餐食時(shí)，面對(duì)眼前顏色各異的垃圾桶，他端著盤(pán)子不知道從哪下手，最后在同事的幫助下，才了解到如何辨別不同種類的垃圾和垃圾桶。
從此，汪劍超開(kāi)始關(guān)注垃圾分類。“面對(duì)環(huán)境問(wèn)題，我們經(jīng)常抱怨，然后什么也沒(méi)做。我覺(jué)得這樣解決不了問(wèn)題，得做一點(diǎn)事情才行。”汪劍超說(shuō)。經(jīng)過(guò)觀察和思考，他轉(zhuǎn)變觀念：“建造一個(gè)沒(méi)有垃圾的垃圾場(chǎng)！”
后來(lái)，好友邀請(qǐng)汪劍超到成都創(chuàng)業(yè)，這正合他的心意。近年來(lái)，各類高能級(jí)創(chuàng)新平臺(tái)如雨后春筍般在蓉城大地盎然生長(zhǎng)，12個(gè)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室、216個(gè)國(guó)家級(jí)創(chuàng)新平臺(tái)、5個(gè)國(guó)家級(jí)雙創(chuàng)示范基地、74個(gè)國(guó)家級(jí)孵化平臺(tái)，推動(dòng)了創(chuàng)新人才的匯聚。
汪劍超從北京來(lái)到成都，開(kāi)啟人生新階段。“當(dāng)時(shí)，成都在垃圾分類領(lǐng)域嘗試引進(jìn)社會(huì)力量，這是一個(gè)很好的發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)。”汪劍超說(shuō)，“但創(chuàng)業(yè)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是完全陌生的領(lǐng)域，怎樣管理團(tuán)隊(duì)，怎樣與用戶溝通，怎樣與廢品收購(gòu)站的老板打交道等，都是未知的挑戰(zhàn)。”
為了了解人們對(duì)垃圾分類的感受和看法，汪劍超帶領(lǐng)團(tuán)隊(duì)，每周末深入社區(qū)做宣傳和調(diào)研。“當(dāng)時(shí)人們的垃圾分類意識(shí)還不高，每來(lái)一個(gè)居民，我們就講一遍垃圾分類的知識(shí)，或者向他們提供垃圾袋等。雖然很多人不了解這個(gè)領(lǐng)域，但對(duì)此很感興趣，也愿意嘗試。”汪劍超回憶道。最初，團(tuán)隊(duì)采用居民扔垃圾、攢積分換禮品的做法，在小區(qū)內(nèi)放置了1000多個(gè)回收箱，引導(dǎo)居民將垃圾扔進(jìn)去。過(guò)了一段時(shí)間，汪劍超發(fā)現(xiàn)這一做法的成本太高。“每周末需要安排大量志愿者在社區(qū)內(nèi)做相關(guān)宣傳，每天還需要大約20位師傅在小區(qū)里用三輪車收垃圾，人力消耗很大。”
第一次嘗試不成功，但汪劍超毫不氣餒。“我們?cè)诮档统杀镜膯?wèn)題上思考了很久。其實(shí)垃圾分類和交通管理有相似之處，兩者都是以一套復(fù)雜規(guī)則，去規(guī)范大量離散人員在不同時(shí)間和空間上的行為。”
為了處理好這一問(wèn)題，2017年，他與新的合伙人創(chuàng)辦了“奧北科技”，并研發(fā)了奧北回收袋“aobag”。居民通過(guò)微信小程序注冊(cè)會(huì)員后，只需要在家中購(gòu)買(mǎi)回收袋，按照14種分類，將垃圾分裝，之后找到附近的智能無(wú)人回收站，輸入密碼進(jìn)入，將垃圾投遞即可。這套運(yùn)營(yíng)模式，每周只需要進(jìn)行一次站點(diǎn)清運(yùn)工作。“一位工作人員，一天可以收兩到三車?yán)?，大大降低了人力與時(shí)間成本。”
同年，成都市新經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展大會(huì)制定了成都新經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)和基本路徑，以新技術(shù)為驅(qū)動(dòng)、以新組織為主體、以新產(chǎn)業(yè)為支撐、以新業(yè)態(tài)為引擎、以新模式為突破，創(chuàng)新要素供給，培育產(chǎn)業(yè)生態(tài)，構(gòu)建具有國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力和區(qū)域帶動(dòng)力的現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)體系的成都。在這一政策的驅(qū)動(dòng)下，奧北的前景更加廣闊。
在汪劍超看來(lái)，奧北的整個(gè)工作系統(tǒng)都基于科學(xué)技術(shù)的運(yùn)用。“我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)、研發(fā)了垃圾分選系統(tǒng)，用戶可以在投放垃圾后收到提醒信息，了解一袋垃圾中各類垃圾的重量、一共可以獲得多少錢(qián)等。如果垃圾分類有錯(cuò)誤，我們會(huì)及時(shí)反饋，將照片發(fā)給用戶，糾正錯(cuò)誤投放行為。”
小程序還是一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)平臺(tái)。汪劍超認(rèn)為，在垃圾分類與回收這件事上，人們需要改變“賣(mài)廢品”的習(xí)慣，每個(gè)人都要為自己的垃圾負(fù)責(zé)。怎樣讓每個(gè)人負(fù)責(zé)？?jī)H僅靠常規(guī)的宣傳是不夠的，小程序會(huì)引導(dǎo)每個(gè)用戶自主學(xué)習(xí)垃圾分類知識(shí)。他解釋道：“垃圾分類的知識(shí)很復(fù)雜，居民需要通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)將其變?yōu)槌ＷR(shí)。”目前，小程序?yàn)橛脩魷?zhǔn)備了1000多個(gè)詞條，用戶對(duì)垃圾的具體分類產(chǎn)生疑問(wèn)時(shí)，可以在搜索框輸入垃圾名稱，獲取正確的分類提示。
由以前志愿者對(duì)居民進(jìn)行一對(duì)一的講解，到現(xiàn)在的線上學(xué)習(xí)與分類，汪劍超找到了正確的創(chuàng)業(yè)模式。整個(gè)垃圾分類過(guò)程只依靠軟件和機(jī)器就能夠完成。“理論上，每個(gè)用戶都可以這樣做一輩子垃圾分類，一次都不用跟我們見(jiàn)面。”
“用5年真正做好一件事”
目前，奧北智能回收點(diǎn)位已擴(kuò)展到約400個(gè)，廣泛分布于成都、北京、重慶和呼和浩特等城市，參與注冊(cè)的用戶約10萬(wàn)名。“成都等地市民接受程度高，學(xué)習(xí)能力強(qiáng)，愿意嘗試新鮮事物。如今，用戶的垃圾分類準(zhǔn)確率能達(dá)到99.97%。”
汪劍超的“打法”如今也升級(jí)了，不再“跪求”居民垃圾分類，而是向參與垃圾分類的社區(qū)等機(jī)構(gòu)收費(fèi)。“因?yàn)槔诸愂巧鐓^(qū)的需求，我們用專業(yè)服務(wù)替社區(qū)解決問(wèn)題，而不是社區(qū)賣(mài)資源位給我們。”
在類似微信朋友圈的平臺(tái)上，奧北用戶經(jīng)常分享在垃圾分類中遇到的趣事，或者拋出疑問(wèn)，和其他人一起探討。一位用戶有一輛許久不用的滑板車，覺(jué)得扔掉很可惜，就嘗試在車上系上奧北環(huán)保袋，將其放在回收點(diǎn)位。另一位用戶將裝口罩的袋子、裝餅干的袋子拍下來(lái)，詢問(wèn)是否可以回收。還有用戶分享了自己在環(huán)保過(guò)程中學(xué)到的知識(shí)——很多包裝袋上會(huì)印有包裝袋的類型，提示人們用它來(lái)干什么，例如有的袋子上印的是“非食品接觸用塑料包裝袋”，有的是“聚乙烯普通型塑料袋”等。
除了社區(qū)居民外，很多學(xué)校也參與到垃圾分類中。截至2022年4月，在奧北的投放排行榜上，所有參與的學(xué)校中，四川師范大學(xué)附屬實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校的投遞總量穩(wěn)居第一位，共投遞了約132噸垃圾，約等于減少砍伐樹(shù)木2223棵，共創(chuàng)造收益約14萬(wàn)元。其中，綜合紙、黃板紙和書(shū)報(bào)占據(jù)了投放垃圾的大部分。
近年來(lái)，隨著“公園城市”理念的提出，奧北的大本營(yíng)成都堅(jiān)持生態(tài)優(yōu)先、綠色發(fā)展的理念，在環(huán)境治理、城市綠化等方面頗有成效，宜居優(yōu)勢(shì)更加彰顯。“相比以前大家不懂什么是垃圾分類，現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多人參與進(jìn)來(lái)，也有了更多見(jiàn)解，比如是否可以通過(guò)平臺(tái)進(jìn)行舊物置換，公司外賣(mài)是否可以集中
回收，等等。”汪劍超說(shuō)。
有人稱汪劍超為“垃圾大王”“垃圾王子”，也有人叫他“收破爛的”。“我們不只是‘收破爛的’。在可回收物上做文章，只是垃圾分類的一部分，也是我們用了5年時(shí)間真正做好的一件事情。我們現(xiàn)在也有了廚余垃圾的資源化解決方案，那可能就是另一個(gè)5年的事了。”汪劍超對(duì)未來(lái)充滿期待。
2020年3月，汪劍超參加成都新經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)布會(huì)。
2022年7月，成都出臺(tái)若干政策措施，分3個(gè)梯度培育新經(jīng)濟(jì)示范企業(yè)。新經(jīng)濟(jì)示范企業(yè)享受新經(jīng)濟(jì)雙百企業(yè)政策，還享受更多政策，例如享受“一對(duì)一”專班服務(wù)，每年公開(kāi)發(fā)布新經(jīng)濟(jì)示范企業(yè)名單，頒發(fā)證書(shū)和獎(jiǎng)牌，并給予一次性30萬(wàn)元獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，等等。越來(lái)越多青年人，像汪劍超剛來(lái)成都那樣，對(duì)這里充滿信心，期望在這個(gè)大舞臺(tái)成功創(chuàng)業(yè)，施展才華。（王喆寧）
At the end of the last century,Bill Gates said,"In the near future,a residence without smart home system is just as out of fashion as today's inability to'surf the Internet'."Now in Chengdu,not only smart home systems have been widely used,but also waste recycling is of technology.
Red,green,blue and grey,recyclables,hazardous waste,kitchen waste,etc.Confronted with the colorful garbage bins,people became confused.Where should the garbage be thrown?Now,many people in Chengdu are no longer confused.They just need to search for the name of the waste on the applets to find out the correct classification,sorting the waste at home,then drop the environmental bags on unmanned sites.Wait a little while,they will get a message on where the waste goes,and how much money they get for recycling.
This model comes from"Aobei Technology",a science-and-technology and environmental protection enterprise,and the development of Aobei cannot be separated from the policy support of Chengdu over these years.In recent years,guided b y the concept of"releasing the opportunities for the youth entrepreneurship and employment and improving the professional quality",Chengdu has enhanced the level of the youth vocational services and made young people"work in contentment"in Chengdu.Focus on the development trend of leading industries and the needs of the youth,comprehensively integrate incubation carriers,financial support and other resources,and provide more convenient mass entrepreneurship and innovation services for young people;Strengthen the support for small-and micro-sized innovative enterprises in science and technology,and cultivate scientific and technological innovative enterprises that are"small but sophisticated and specialized".
Over these years,under the leadership of Founder Wang Jianchao,"Aobei Technology",the small-and micro-sized innovative enterprise,has been committed to promoting the unmanned garbage sorting model,with a good development environment and prospects.In the small office area,in addition to neatly-placed medals and cups,what is the most prominent is the"signboard"with green characters on the white background-which wrote"aobag"(Aobei Environmental Recycling Bag).A few employees assume responsibility for the company's garbage classification business in Chengdu and other cities.
Want to Build a"Wasteyard without Waste"
More than a decade ago,Wang Jianchao,who had not yet started his own business,had already been the best among the people-a scholar of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,a Microsoft engineer,an IT elite,etc.At that time,the mobile Internet industry developed rapidly.In 2010,Wang Jianchao,then a senior engineer in Microsoft China,was sent to the US headquarters for study because of his outstanding performance.At noon one day,Wang Jianchao went to the canteen o f Microsoft Headquarters to have lunch.When he was pouring the leftovers in his plate,he faced the trash cans with different colors in front of him with the plate in his hand,not knowing where to go.Finally,with the help of his colleagues,he learned how to distinguish different types of garbage and trash cans.
Since then,Wang Jianchao began to pay attention to garbage classification."In the face of environmental problems,we often complain about them but do nothing.I don't think this can solve the
problem.We have to take action."Wang Jianchao said.After observation and thinking,he suddenly came up with an idea:"Build a garbage dump without garbage!"
Later,Wang Jianchao's friends invited him to start business in Chengdu,which was just to his liking.In recent years,various high-energy innovation platforms have mushroomed in Chengdu,including 12 national key laboratories,216 national innovation platforms,5 national innovation and entrepreneurship demonstration bases,and 74 national incubation platforms,which has promoted the convergence of innovative talents.(As of January 2022,Chengdu Municipal People's Government News)
Wang Jianchao came to Chengdu from Beijing,starting a new stage of his life."At that time,Chengdu tried to introduce social force into the field of garbage classification,which brought a good development opportunity."Wang Jianchao said,"But entrepreneurship is an entirely new area to me.How to manage the team,how to communicate with users,and how to make contact with the boss of the salvage station were unknown to me and I was confronted with the challenge."
In order to understand people's feelings and views on garbage classification,Wang Jianchao led his team to go to the community every weekend for publicity and research."At that time,people were not strongly aware of garbage classification.Every time when we met a resident,we would explain the concepts of garbage classification or provide him or her with garbage bags.Although many people didn't know well garbage classification,they were very interested in it and were willing to try it."Wang Jianchao recalled.At first,the team encouraged
the residents to save points for gifts by throwing garbage correctly and put more than 1,000 recycling bins in the community to guide residents to do that.After a period of time,Wang Jianchao found that the cost of this practice was too high."At that time,multiple volunteers were needed t o make relevant publicity in the community every weekend.Also,every day,about 20 needed to collect garbage in the community with tricycles,which could be a huge consumption of manpower."Wang Jianchao hit a bottleneck.
An Applet Can Solve Big Problems
The first attempt was unsuccessful,but Wang Jianchao was not discouraged."We have been thinking about cost reduction for a long time.In fact,there are similarities between garbage classification and traffic management.In both areas,a set of complex rules have been formulated to regulate the behavior of a large number of passer-bys in different time and place."
In order to address this problem,in 2017,he founded"Aobei Technology"with his new partners and developed"aobag",an Aobei recycling bag.After registering as a member through the applet in WeChat,residents could only need to buy recycling bags at home,subpackage the waste according to 14 classifications of the garbage,find the nearby intelligent unmanned recycling station,enter the password,and deliver the waste.In this operation mode,the stations only need to be cleared once a week."One worker could receive two or three cars of waste a day,which greatly reduced the human cost and time cost."
In April 2022, Wang Jianchao (left) was playing games with his colleagues.
In the same year,the New Economic Development Conference of Chengdu formulated the strategic objectives and basic path for the new economic development of Chengdu.Specifically,Chengdu should pursue development driven by new technologies,guided by new organizations as the main body,supported by new industries and propelled by new operation,and make breakthroughs under new models,to foster innovation elements for the supply.Cultivate the industrial ecology,and build a modern industrial system with international competitiveness and regional driving force.Driven by this policy,the prospect of Aobei is even broader.
In Wang Jianchao's opinion,the whole work system of Aobei is based on the application o f science and technology."We have designed and developed a garbage sorting system,so that users can get known the weight of various kinds of garbage in the bag and how much they can get in return,as they receive reminder messages after putting the garbage into the bins.If an error occurs in the garbage classification,we will give timely feedback,send photos to users,and correct the wrong behavior
of placing the garbage."
The applet i s also a platform for learning.With regard to garbage classification and recycling,Wang Jianchao believes that people need to change the habit of"selling waste"and be responsible for the waste produced by them.How to make everyone bear their responsibility?Regular publicity may not be enough.The applet will guide the users to learn about garbage classification on their own.He explained:"The knowledge about garbage classification is very complex,and residents need to learn to turn it into common sense."At present,the applet has prepared more than 1,000 terms for users.When users have questions about the specific classification o f garbage,they can enter the garbage
name in the search box to get the correct classification prompt.
From the previous one-on-one explanation o f volunteers t o the residents,to the current online learning and classification,Wang Jianchao has found the correct business model.The whole process of garbage classification can be completed only by software and machines."Theoretically,users can complete the garbage classification like this for a lifetime without meeting us."
In April 2022, Wang Jianchao was working at the office.
"Five years for doing one thing well"
At present,there has been around 400 Aobei intelligent recycling sites,widely distributed in Chengdu,Beijing,Chongqing,Hohhot,and many other cities,with about 100,000 registered users."The citizens in cities such as Chengdu have high acceptance,strong learning ability and are willing to try new things.Today,the accuracy of the classification of the garbage by users can reach 99.97%."
Wang Jianchao's"playing method"has also been upgraded.Instead of"begging"for garbage classification,he charges organizations such as communities that participate in garbage classification."Garbage classification is the demand of the community,which requires us to address the problems for the community with professional services,instead of sellling us resources."
On a platform similar to the WeChat Moments,Aobei users often share interesting experience related to garbage classification,or raise questions and discuss them with others.A user who had a scooter
that had not been used for a long time,would try to attach an Aobei environmental bag to the scooter and put it at a recycling site,instead of throwing it away.Another user took photos of the bag for masks and biscuits and asked if they could be recycled.Users also shared their knowledge they had acquired in the process of environmental protection.Many packaging bags would be printed with the types of packaging bags to remind people what to do with it.For example,some bags are printed with"plastic packaging bags for nonfood contact",and some others are printed with"polyethylene ordinary
plastic bags".
In addition t o the community residents,many schools also participate in garbage classification.As of April 2022,among all the participating schools,the Experimental School Affiliated to Sichuan
Normal University has ranked 1st in terms of total delivery volume according to Aobei.It had delivered about 132 tons of garbage,which is equivalent to reducing the removal of 2,223 trees and generating
about RMB 140,000 of revenue.Among them,comprehensive paper,yellow board paper,and books and newspapers accounted for the majority part of the garbage.
In recent years,with the proposal of the concept of"Park City",Chengdu,where Aobei Headquarters lies,adheres to the concept of ecological priority and green development,and has achieved great results in environmental governance,urban greening,etc.,which shows more livable advantages."While we didn't know what garbage classification was in the past,now more and more people have participated in the activity and gained more insights on whether it is possible to replace old
things through the platform,and whether the takeout of a company can be centrally recycled,etc."Wang Jianchao said.
Some people call Wang Jianchao as the"King of Garbage"or the"Garbage Prince",while others call him"Scrap Collector"."We are not just'collecting scrap'.It is only a part of garbage classification to do with recyclable articles,and it is also a thing that we use 5 years to truly do well.Now we also have a solution for the recycling of kitchen waste,which may take another five years."Wang Jianchao looks forward to the future.
In July 2022,Chengdu introduced several policy measures to cultivate new economic enterprises in 3 steps.New economic demonstration enterprises will enjoy the policies for new economic double-hundred enterprises as well as other policies,such as the"one-on-one"special services,annual public release of a list of new economic demonstration firms,awarding certificates or medals,and giving a one-time award of RMB 300,000,etc.More and more young people,like Wang Jianchao,who had just arrived in Chengdu,are full of confidence with the city,and look forward to successful entrepreneurship and show their talents on this big stage.
